编程的一般规则 - 达人(小新)

2005/10/24 | 编程的一般规则
类别(文档转载) | 评论(0) | 阅读(41) | 发表于 19:52: 转自冷月学堂
设计过程
1 编程的本质是：没有意外，最小化耦合，最大化内聚
2 根除复杂性这个恶魔(Part 1)
2.1 不要解决不存在的问题
2.2 解决一个问题，而不要解决一类问题
3 A user interface should not look like a computer program (the transparency principle)
3 用户接口看起来不应该象一个计算机程序（透明原则）
4 Don't confuse ease of learning with ease of use
4 不要混淆易于使用和易于掌握这两个概念
5 Productivity can be measured in the number of keystrokes
5 生产率可以通过击键次数来衡量
6 If you can't say it in English, you can't say it in C/C++
6 如果你不能用自然语言表达，也就不能用C/C++表达
6.1 Do the comments first
6.1 先写注释
7 Read code
7 阅读代码
7.1 There's no room for prima donnas in a contemporary programming shop
8 Decompose complex problems into smaller tasks
8 将复杂的问题分解为多个小任务
9 Use the whole language (Use the appropriate tool for the job)
10 A problem must be thought through before it can be solved
10 解决问题之前应该深思熟虑
11 Computer programming is a service industry
11 计算机编程是服务行业
12 Involve users in the development process
12 开发过程应该有用户参与
13 The customer is always right
13 客户永远是正确的
14 Small is Beautiful. (Big == slow)
14 小即是美（大==慢）
一般开发问题
15 First, do no harm
15 第一，不要有害
16 Edit your code
16 编辑你的代码
17 A program must be written at least twice
17 一个程序应该至少写两次
18 You can't measure productivity by volume
18 不能用代码量衡量生产率
19 You can't program in isolation
19 编程不能与世隔绝
20 Goof off
20 别把编程太当回事
21 Write code with maintenance in mind梩he maintenance programmer is you
21 写代码的时候应该时刻想着维护，假设你自己就是维护者
21.1 Efficiency is often a bugaboo
21.1 追求效率往往导致其它问题
格式化和文档
22 Uncommented code has no value
22 没有注释的代码没有价值
23 Put the code and the documentation in the same place
23 将代码和文档放在一起
24 Comments should be sentences
24 注释应该是完整的句子
25 Run your code through a spelling checker
25 你的代码应该能通过拼写检查
26 A comment shouldn't restate the obvious
26 不要注释显而易见的东西
27 A comment should provide only information needed for maintenance
27 注释中应该只提供对维护有帮助的内容
28 Comments should be in blocks
28 使用块注释
29 Comments should align vertically
29 注释应该垂直对齐
30 Use neat columns as much as possible
30 代码应该尽可能的整齐的分列
31 Don't put comments between the function name and the open brace
31 不要在函数名和第一个花括号之间写注释
32 Mark the ends of long compound statements with something reasonable
32 在较长的代码块之后做标记性注释
33 Put only one statement per line
33 每行只写一条语句
34 Put argument names in function prototypes
34 函数原型中应该写上参数名
35 Use a 損redicate?form to split up long expressions
36 A subroutine should fit on a screen
36 一个子函数的长度应该在一屏以内
37 All code should be printable
37 所有的代码都应该是可打印的
38 Use lines of dashes for visual separation between subroutines
38 使用整行连字符来隔离子函数代码
39 White space is one of the most effective comments
39 空白是最好的注释之一
40 Use four-space indents
40 使用四个空格做缩进
41 Indent statements associated with a flow-control statement
41 缩进所有与一个流程控制语句相关的语句
41.1.Comments should be at the same indent level as the surrounding code
41.1 注释应该与其对应的代码一同缩进
42 Align braces vertically at the outer level
42 在外层垂直对齐花括号
43 Use braces when more than one line is present under a flow-control statement
43 在流程控制语句下面如果有多于一条的语句，应该使用花括号
名字和标识
44 Names should be common English words, descriptive of what the function, argument, or
variable does
44 名字应该是普通英文单词，用来描述这个函数、参数或者变量的作用
44.1.Do not clutter names with gibberish
44.1 不要乱起名字（无意义的，深奥的，不贴切的）
45 Macro names should be ENTIRELY_CAPITALIZED
45 宏名字应该形如：ENTIRELY_CAPITALIZED
45.1 Do not capitalize members of an enum
45.1 不要将枚举类型成员大写
45.2 Do not capitalize type names created with a typedef
45.2 不要将用typedef定义的类型大写
46 Avoid the ANSI C name space
46 避免ANSI C名字空间
47 Avoid the Microsoft name space
47 避免微软名字空间
48 Avoid unnecessary symbols
48避免不必要的符号
49 Symbolic constants for Boolean values are rarely necessary
49 布尔型符号常量基本上没有用
一般编程原则
50 Don't confuse familiarity with readability
50 熟悉代码与代码的可读性好是两回事
51 A function should do only one thing
51 一个函数只应该完成一件事
52 Too many levels of abstraction or encapsulation are as bad as too few
52 过多或者过少的抽象或者封装层次都不好
53 A function should be called more than once, but?br>
53 一个函数应该被多处调用
53.1 Code used more than once should be put into a function
53.1 在多于一处使用的代码应该变成一个函数
54 A function should have only one exit point
54 一个函数应该只有一个退出点
54.1 Always put a return at the outer level
54.1 总是在外层放一个return
55 Avoid duplication of effort
55 避免费两遍事的事情
56 Don't corrupt the global name space
56 不要污染全局名字空间
56.1 Avoid global symbols
56.1 避免全局符号
56.2 Never require initialization of a global variable to call a function
56.2 对函数的调用不应该依赖全局变量是否被初始化
56.2.1 Make locals static in recursive functions if the value doesn't span a recursive call
56.2.1 在第归函数中，如果一个变量与第归调用无关，则其应该是局部静态变量
56.3 Use instance counts in place of initialization functions
56.3 在初始化函数中使用实例计数
56.4 If an if ends in return, don't use else
56.4 如果if语句中有return，则不要再写else
57 Put the shortest clause of an if/else on top
57 最短的if/else子句在最上面
58 Try to move errors from run time to compile time
58 尽量将运行时刻的错误提前到编译时刻
59 Use C function pointers as selectors
59 使用C 函数指针作为选择器
60 Avoid do/while loops
60 避免do/while循环
60.1 Never use a do/while for a forever loop
60.1 不要用do/while实现无限循环
61 Counting loops should count down if possible
61 循环计数应该从大到小
62 Don't do the same thing in two ways at the same time
62 在同一时间不要用不同的方法完成同一件事
63 Use for if any two of an initialization, test, or increment are present
63 如果初始化、测试、增量三者有两个，就应该用for语句
64 If it doesn't appear in the test, it shouldn't appear in the other parts of for statement
64 没有在for语句的测试部分出现的变量，也不应该出现在其他两个部分
65 Assume that things will go wrong
65 总是假定事情要出错
66 Computers do not know mathematics
66 计算机不懂得数学
66.1 Expect the impossible
66.1 总是会出现不可能的事情
66.2 Always check error-return codes
66.2 检查错误返回代码
67 Avoid explicit temporary variables
67 避免显式临时变量
68 No magic numbers
68 不要出现纯数字
69 Make no assumptions about sizes
69 不要对size做假定
70 Beware of casts (C issues)
70 对类型转换要小心（C语言问题）
71 Handle special cases directly
71 立即处理特殊情况
72 Don't try to make lint happy
72 用不着试图让lint不报告问题
73 Put memory allocation and deallocation code in the same place
73 分配内存和释放内存应该在一起
74 Heap memory is expensive
74 堆内存是昂贵的
75 Test routines should not be interactive
75 测试过程不应该是交互的
76 An error message should tell the user what's right
76 错误信息应该告诉用户什么是正确的
77 Don't print error messages if an error is recoverable
77 如果一个错误是可恢复的，就不要打印错误信息
78 Don't use system-dependent functions for error messages
78 不要在错误信息中使用系统相关的函数; 0

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